If a child were still unable to articulate the bilabial sounds accurately at 7:00 years, this would likely be a cause for concern. In fact, from Table 1 we see that a child of 7 00 years should have mastered the production of all speech sounds. Both adults and the child’s peers are more likely to accommodate the younger child’s immaturities than the older child’s. Now, if the child is 3 years and 3 months of age and still having difficulty articulating any of these sounds, this may not have such serious consequences as if the child were 7 00 years of age and still unable to articulate the sounds accurately. What we can say in this example, however, is that – despite the variation in the time at which the sounds emerge – we would expect most children to have mastered the articulation of these sounds (m p b w) by 3 00 years of age. However, an average means that there will be children who attain a particular milestone earlier than the average and those who attain it later. That is to say, on average most typically developing children will attain particular milestones at declared ages. By definition, a developmental milestone represents an average. Indeed, these bilabial (made with two-lips) sounds are the first sounds to emerge in the developing child and are often used in the first spoken words at around 12-19 months. In fact, these sounds emerge much earlier than this. Typical Sequence of Speech Sound Development Consider the fact that most children will have mastered the articulation of the consonants /m/ as in man, /p/ as in pan, /b/ as in ban, and /w/ as in win by the age of three years (see Table 1). How much delay is too much delay?Īs in our discussion of language delay, a delay in the development of speech may or may not be problematic for a child. A child may, therefore, exhibit either a phonetic (articulation) delay or a phonological delay, or elements of both at the same time. As is the case with many communication problems, it is possible for such features to co-exist. immaturities in the organization and systematic use of speech sounds to produce meaningful words (see Phonology). immaturities in how consonants and/or vowels are articulated in particular contexts or phonological delay, i.e. Speech delay is typically categorized as either phonetic delay, i.e. The child progresses through the expected developmental milestones in a sequential order but their progress may lag several months behind their typically-developing peers. it is the failure to develop speech capabilities at the expected chronological age. Speech delay is analogous to language delay, i.e. Children are, therefore, viewed as progressing from relatively simple behaviors to those that are more complex. the “orderly and relatively enduring changes over time in physical and neurological structures, thought processes and behavior” (Mussen, Conger, Kagan and Huston, 1990:4), signifies that skills and competencies developed at an earlier stage/age are necessary for developing more complex capabilities at a later date. Communicate often (talk and sing), encourage verbal interaction whenever possible and read to your child starting at a young age.Ĭall ENT of Athens at (706) 546-7908 for more information or to schedule an appointment.Chronological development, i.e. As a parent, there are steps you can take to assist your child with speech development. What Can Parents Do?īoth heredity and environment play a role in speech development. Speech therapy may be recommended to help your child develop the skills necessary for effective communication. This involves a series of tests that will be used to assess your child’s receptive language and expressive language skills, sound development, speech clarity and oral-motor skills. If your child’s doctor cannot rule out a speech delay, a speech-language pathologist should be consulted for a full evaluation. Neurological disorders such as autism, cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy.Dysarthria (a disorder involving the muscles that control speech).Oral anatomy (problems with the tongue or soft palate).A variety of factors can lead to delayed speech and language skills.
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